International Conference on
Chronic Diseases

Background: Recently, metabolic syndrome has been prevalent and not easy to treat with nutritional and exercise treatment persistently. We have treated thousands of metabolic patients with Low Carbohydrate Diet (LCD) for years and reported several papers concerning LCD, and ketone bodies and Morbus (M) value in research.

Subjects & Methods: Subjects included 52 patients with diabetes mellitus, and basal biomarkers were measured including blood glucose, HbA1c, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, uric acid, and so on. They were given usual calorie restriction (CR) diet (60% carbohydrate, 1400 kcal/day) on day 1-2, and super LCD on day 3-14. Daily profile of blood glucose seven times a day and M value were investigated.

Results: By the level of M value, subjects were classified into four groups. M value ranged from 13.6 to 425.6 on day two (CR) and from 9.0 to 82.1 on day four (LCD). The average HbA1c in four groups were 6.2%, 7.0%, 8.1% and 9.0%, respectively. Blood glucose on day four was significantly decreased compared with those on day two in each group. M value was significantly decreased from day two to day four in group two, three and four.

Discussion & Conclusion: The efficacy of LCD was observed from day two to day four, with significant decrease in glucose and M value. The carbohydrate amount was decreased from 210 g (CR) to 42 g (LCD) per day, resulting in decreased average glucose and M value. These findings suggest that M-value would be useful marker for treatment of T2DM clinically and research in glucose variability. Author has continued several treatment and care for Integrative Medicine (IM) and Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM), such as exercise therapy, music therapy with piano playing. Author will show various trials fornpatient-oriented practice of medicine in the key note lecture.

Background: Recently, metabolic syndrome has been prevalent and not easy to treat with nutritional and exercise treatment persistently. We have treated thousands of metabolic patients with Low Carbohydrate Diet (LCD) for years and reported several papers concerning LCD, and ketone bodies and Morbus (M) value in research.

Subjects & Methods: Subjects included 52 patients with diabetes mellitus, and basal biomarkers were measured including blood glucose, HbA1c, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, uric acid, and so on. They were given usual calorie restriction (CR) diet (60% carbohydrate, 1400 kcal/day) on day 1-2, and super LCD on day 3-14. Daily profile of blood glucose seven times a day and M value were investigated.

Results: By the level of M value, subjects were classified into four groups. M value ranged from 13.6 to 425.6 on day two (CR) and from 9.0 to 82.1 on day four (LCD). The average HbA1c in four groups were 6.2%, 7.0%, 8.1% and 9.0%, respectively. Blood glucose on day four was significantly decreased compared with those on day two in each group. M value was significantly decreased from day two to day four in group two, three and four.

Discussion & Conclusion: The efficacy of LCD was observed from day two to day four, with significant decrease in glucose and M value. The carbohydrate amount was decreased from 210 g (CR) to 42 g (LCD) per day, resulting in decreased average glucose and M value. These findings suggest that M-value would be useful marker for treatment of T2DM clinically and research in glucose variability. Author has continued several treatment and care for Integrative Medicine (IM) and Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM), such as exercise therapy, music therapy with piano playing. Author will show various trials fornpatient-oriented practice of medicine in the key note lecture.

Krista Burns completed her PhD in Health Administration with emphasis on Global Health Policy. She is Doctor of Chiropractic, and Postural Neurologist. She has participated in over 1000 hours of advanced education in Posture, Neurology, and Human Physiology. She is the Co-founder of the American Posture Institute and the author

of the textbook Principles of Posture.

Sedentary individuals with flexor dominant posture and technology over utilization are at a greater risk for developing digital dementia. Poor posture is a modern day epidemic that is affecting our society, but can be prevented with posture rehabilitation and proper posture habits. Tech neck demonstrates postural decline from a musculoskeletal perspective, and digital dementia demonstrates the decline in brain function associated with poor posture and the over utilization of technology. Patients presenting with digital dementia demonstrate common symptoms associated with dementia and physiologic changes in their brain. These patients present with sensory disassociations impacting the frontal lobe and creating developmental disorders characterized by lack of motivation and empathy, and difficulty in acquisition of skills associated with traditional forms of learning. Motor skills are compromised from physiologic changes of the motor cortex, sensory cortex, and vestibular system. The purpose of this presentation is to introduce the concept of digital dementia and to demonstrate meaningful methodology of patient care implementation for health care professionals to utilize with their patients. Participants will gain useful strategies of postural neurology that are relevant to the needs of modern day patients. This presentation will demonstrate brain based posture analysis and correction techniques as a prevention strategy for the development of tech neck and digital dementia. Sedentary individuals with flexor dominant posture can improve neurologic function with proper postural habits while engaging in technology utilization. Recommendations are made for brain based postural correction strategies.

Professor Higinio T. Mappala is a distinguished physician and gifted medical researcher with 30 years of clinical experience, as well as a prolific communicator and lecturer in both academic and clinical fora. A board-certified specialist in Internal Medicine with board-certified subspecialties in Gastroenterology, Endoscopy, Clinical Toxicology and Pharmacology, and Clinical Nutrition. He is University Professor, a Dean of the School of Medicine, and Administrator at the undergraduate, graduate, and postgraduate levels; an author of more than 50 scientific papers. As a prolific lecturer, he has been a Focused lecturer on NAFLD for more than 10 years.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common forms of chronic liver disease which may progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Currently there are no therapeutic strategies for such disease. Only lifestylemodification through diet and exercise were proven to afford some benefit in patients with NAFLD. No pharmacologic agents have so far been approved for the treatment of NAFLD or NASH. Therefore, most clinical efforts have been directed at treating the components of metabolic syndrome, namely obesity, diabetes, hypertension and dyslipedemia. Other interventions are directed at specific pathways potentially involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, such as insulin resistance, oxidative stress, proinflammatory cytokines, apoptosis, bacterial overgrowth, and angiotensin pathway. This lecture aims to show the potential of Bile acids as a promising therapeutic option for NAFLD. This is a 10-year Sytematic Review of the effects of Bile Acids on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). This 10- year review shows that, alongside diet, exercise and weight loss, Bile Acids may yet prove to be an effective targeted treatment for Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Julie Bouckaert is associated with Université de Lille, France. She has published several papers in reputed journals. She is committed to highest standards of excellence and is proved through her authorship of many books. Her research interests include Systems Biology, Molecular Biology and Microbiology.

Shear force exerted on uropathogenic Escherichia coli adhering to surfaces makes type-1 fimbriae stretch out like springs to catch on to mannosidic receptors. This mechanism is initiated by a disruption of the quaternary interactions between the lectin and the pilin of the two-domain FimH adhesin and transduces allosterically to the mannose-binding pocket of FimH to increase its affinity. Shear stress protects Escherichia coli cells adhering to surfaces via catch bonds from detachment by soluble inhibitors present in urine. Mannose-specific adhesion of 14 E. coli pathovars was measured under flow, using surface plasmon resonance detection on functionalized graphene-coated gold interfaces. Increasing the shear had important differential consequences on bacterial adhesion. Adherent-invasive E. coli, isolated from the feces and biopsies of Crohn’s disease patients, consistently changed their adhesion behavior less under shear and displayed lower SPR signals, compared to E. coli opportunistically infecting the urinary tract, intestines or loci of knee and hip prostheses. We exemplified this further with the extreme behaviors of the reference strains UTI89 and LF82. Whereas their FimA major pilins have identical sequences, FimH of LF82 E. coli is marked by the Thr158Pro mutation. Positioned in the inter-domain region known to carry hot spots of mutations in E. coli pathotypes, residue 158 is indicated to play a structural role in the allosteric regulation of type-1 fimbriaemediated bacterial adhesion. In a next stage, we plan to investigate structure-function relationships of FimH using several mannosylated protein receptors and antagonists immobilized on graphene or supplied in solution and interacting with E. coli strains under varying flow conditions.

Elizabeth M Nolan is an Associate Professor of Chemistry at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Her current research interests address the bioinorganic chemistry of infectious disease and the host-microbe interaction, and include investigations of metal homeostasis, host-defense factors, and bacterial metabolites.

New strategies to treat bacterial infections and counteract the emergence of antibiotic resistance are needed. Metal ions are essential nutrients for all organisms, and almost all bacterial pathogens have a metabolic iron requirement. Thus, these microbes must acquire iron from the mammalian host to replicate and cause disease. Many bacteria biosynthesize and utilize siderophores, secondary metabolites that coordinate iron(III) with high affinity, to scavenge iron from the host. The proteins required for the biosynthesis and transport of these iron-chelating metabolites are expressed under iron-limited conditions. Siderophores are considered to be virulence factors and the notion of employing siderophore and siderophore mimics, as well as targeting siderophore biosynthesis and transport machineries, has attracted significant interest for antibiotic development over many years. Here, we first present vignettes from our studies of siderophore-mediated targeting of small molecule antibiotics to Gram-negative bacteria. We report that siderophore-antibiotic conjugates based on native siderophore platforms allow broadspectrum antibiotics like β-lactams to be targeted to specific bacterial populations, particularly Gram-negative pathogens, on the basis of siderophore receptor expression. For instance, salmochelin-antibiotic conjugates kill Escherchia coli that express the salmochelin receptor iron, including uropathogenic strains, but not E. coli that lack this receptor. In a related thrust, we describe our recent efforts to block iron acquisition by gastrointestinal pathogens using siderophore-based immunization. We report that immunization of mice with CTB-Ent, a conjugate of cholera toxin subunit B and the siderophore enterobactin is well-tolerated, results in generation of anti-siderophore antibodies in the gut, and provides protection against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in a mouse model of infection. Together, these fundamental studies support the notion that

hijacking siderophore uptake pathways and blocking siderophore-based iron acquisition may provide new opportunities for new strategies to prevent and treat infectious diseases.